Ivermectin, a medication primarily used as an antiparasitic agent, is classified into specific groups based on its use and mechanism of action. These groups include:
1. Antiparasitic Agents
Ivermectin is widely used to treat infections caused by parasitic worms (helminths), such as:
- Onchocerciasis (river blindness)
- Strongyloidiasis
- Other filarial infections
2. Ectoparasiticides
It is used to treat infestations caused by external parasites like:
- Scabies (mites)
- Head lice
3. Endectocides
This group includes drugs effective against both endoparasites (internal) and ectoparasites (external), which applies to ivermectin.
4. Macrocyclic Lactones
Ivermectin belongs to the avermectin subgroup of macrocyclic lactones, which are derived from fermentation products of Streptomyces avermitilis. These drugs disrupt the nervous system of parasites.
5. Veterinary Anthelmintics
In veterinary medicine, ivermectin is extensively used to control parasites in animals like:
- Heartworms in dogs
- Gastrointestinal worms in cattle, horses, and pigs
- Mange in livestock
6. Potential Off-Label/Investigational Uses
In recent years, ivermectin has been studied and sometimes used off-label for:
- Rosacea (in a topical form)
- Controversially, for COVID-19, though its efficacy remains unproven for this purpose and not widely recommended by health authorities.
Each group underscores ivermectin’s broad spectrum of activity against parasites and its relevance in both human and veterinary medicine. However, its use should always follow established guidelines and prescriptions to ensure safety and effectiveness.