Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a form of vitamin B3 (niacin) that has been studied for its potential benefits in boosting levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a molecule involved in energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cellular function. While NR has shown promise in animal studies and early human trials for improving metabolic health, increasing energy, and promoting longevity, there are some potential adverse effects and risks to be aware of, although they are generally mild.
Possible Adverse Effects of Nicotinamide Riboside:
1.Gastrointestinal issues: Some people may experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort, including:
- Nausea
- Upset stomach
- Diarrhea or loose stools
2.Flushing or Skin Reactions: Like other forms of niacin, Nicotinamide riboside might cause mild skin flushing or redness, although this is less common compared to the flush associated with niacin (nicotinic acid).
3.Headaches: Some individuals may report headaches, although this side effect is relatively uncommon.
4.Elevated Liver Enzymes: In some cases, long-term or high doses of Nicotinamide riboside could cause an increase in liver enzymes, which may indicate liver stress or damage. It’s recommended to monitor liver function if using NR over extended periods or at higher doses.
5.Increased Risk for Certain Conditions: While Nicotinamide riboside has been shown to have various beneficial effects in preclinical studies, the impact of long-term supplementation in humans is not fully understood. There is some concern that raising NAD+ levels too much could potentially affect processes like cancer cell growth or interfere with DNA repair in unintended ways, although these risks have not been definitively established in clinical trials.
6.Interactions with Medications: As with any supplement, Nicotinamide riboside could interact with medications, particularly those affecting liver function or metabolism. For example, it might interact with medications that influence NAD+ metabolism or affect mitochondrial function.
7.Potential Impact on the Immune System: Since NAD+ plays a role in immune function, altering its levels could have unintended effects on immune response, although more research is needed in this area.
Recommendations:
- Dosage: While doses of 250-500 mg per day are commonly used in studies and have been considered safe for most people, higher doses should be approached with caution, and it’s best to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any supplementation regimen.
- Medical Supervision: It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider, especially if you have pre-existing medical conditions, are pregnant or breastfeeding, or are taking other medications that could interact with Nicotinamide riboside.
As research on Nicotinamide riboside is ongoing, particularly regarding its long-term safety and effects, it’s essential to stay updated on new findings and discuss any concerns with a healthcare professional.