L-Glutamic Acid is a naturally occurring amino acid and one of the 20 standard amino acids used by the body to build proteins. It plays an important role in cellular metabolism and functions as a precursor for several bioactive molecules.
Basic information of L-Glutamic Acid
1.Name: L-Glutamic Acid
2.Molecular Formula: C₅H₉NO₄
3.Molecular Weight: 147.13 g/mol
4.Structure:
- Contains an amino group (-NH₂), a carboxylic acid group (-COOH), and a second carboxylic acid group on the side chain.
Physical Properties of L-Glutamic Acid
- Appearance: White crystalline powder
- Solubility: Soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in ether
- Melting Point: 205°C (decomposes)
- pKa Values: ~2.1 (α-carboxylic acid), ~4.1 (side-chain carboxylic acid), ~9.7 (α-amino group)
Biological Significance of L-Glutamic Acid
1.Role in the Body:
- L-Glutamic acid is a non-essential amino acid, meaning the body can synthesize it.
- Functions as a building block of proteins and plays a key role in nitrogen metabolism.
- Serves as a precursor for neurotransmitter glutamate, essential for synaptic transmission in the brain.
2.Pathways: Involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glutamine metabolism.
Uses and Applications of L-Glutamic Acid
1.In Food Industry:
- Found in monosodium glutamate (MSG), a flavor enhancer.
2.In Medicine:
- Used in dietary supplements for its potential role in supporting brain and nervous system health.
- Investigated for use in treatments for neurological conditions.
3.In Research:
- Utilized in studies related to protein synthesis, neurotransmission, and cellular metabolism.
Safety Information
- Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used appropriately in food.
- Overconsumption of MSG (rich in glutamate) may cause sensitivity in some individuals, leading to symptoms like headaches or nausea, often termed “MSG Symptom Complex.”
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