Natamycin, also known as pimaricin, is a polyene macrolide antifungal antibiotic. It is primarily produced by the bacterium Streptomyces natalensis. The basic ingredients or components of natamycin include:
- Polyenes: Natamycin belongs to the polyene class of antibiotics, which contain conjugated double bonds that allow the molecule to interact with fungal cell membranes.
- Macrolide structure: The molecule consists of a large lactone ring (macrolide) attached to a series of sugar units and a polyene (a chain of alternating single and double bonds) structure.
- Sugars: Natamycin contains a sugar component, specifically a disaccharide (two sugar molecules), which is part of its chemical structure and helps with its solubility and bioactivity.
These components combine to give natamycin its antifungal properties, making it effective against a range of fungi, particularly in food preservation, where it helps to prevent the growth of mold and yeast.
Adverse effects of Natamycin
Natamycin is an antifungal medication commonly used to treat fungal infections of the eye, as well as some other fungal infections in the skin and mucous membranes. While it is generally considered safe and well-tolerated, like all medications, it can have potential side effects. These may include:
Common side effects:
- Eye Irritation: Since natamycin is often used in eye drops, irritation, stinging, or burning in the eye are common transient side effects.
- Redness of the Eye: The eye may become red or inflamed, particularly after the initial use.
- Watery Eyes: Increased tearing may occur as the eye responds to the medication.
Less common but more serious side effects:
- Allergic Reaction: While rare, some people may experience an allergic reaction, which can manifest as itching, swelling, rash, or severe dizziness.
- Vision Problems: Blurred vision or other visual disturbances can occur, though these are not very common.
- Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye): Some individuals may develop conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva) due to an allergic reaction to the medication.
- Eye Infection: In rare cases, using natamycin may lead to secondary bacterial eye infections if the medication is not properly administered or if there is pre-existing damage to the eye.
Rare side effects:
- Severe Skin Rash: This can be a sign of a serious allergic reaction.
- Breathing Difficulties or Swelling: Rarely, systemic reactions can affect the respiratory system, causing breathing issues or swelling of the face, tongue, or throat, which requires immediate medical attention.
General Precautions:
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Natamycin is generally considered safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but always consult your healthcare provider.
- Contact Lenses: If using natamycin for eye infections, avoid wearing contact lenses while using the medication, as it may cause irritation or other issues with the lenses.
If you experience severe reactions like difficulty breathing, swelling, or persistent eye pain, you should seek immediate medical attention.
Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting or discontinuing any medication.