Carbomer 940 is a specific type of synthetic polymer that belongs to the family of carbomers, which are made from acrylic acid. It is a white, fluffy powder that is highly effective as a thickening, emulsifying, and stabilizing agent in various formulations, particularly in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products.
Origin of Carbomer 940:
Carbomers are derived from acrylic acid, which is polymerized into long-chain molecules. Carbomer 940 is a specific grade of carbomer produced through the polymerization of acrylic acid and crosslinking agents. The primary process involves the polymerization of acrylic acid in the presence of a crosslinking agent such as allyl pentaerythritol. This process creates a three-dimensional network structure that imparts thickening and gelling properties to the polymer.
Properties of Carbomer 940:
- Thickening Agent: Carbomer 940 is known for its ability to increase the viscosity of formulations, especially in water-based systems. This makes it a preferred ingredient in gels, creams, and lotions.
- Gel Formation: When neutralized with a base (such as triethanolamine or sodium hydroxide), Carbomer 940 forms a clear gel. This gel has a smooth, non-greasy texture, making it ideal for cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
- Stabilizing Agent: It helps stabilize emulsions (mixtures of water and oil) by preventing the separation of the phases, contributing to the uniformity and shelf-life of the product.
- Compatibility: It is compatible with a wide range of ingredients, including preservatives, surfactants, and active ingredients, and can be used in both acidic and neutral pH environments.
- Non-Toxic and Non-Irritating: Carbomer 940 is generally regarded as safe for topical use and does not cause significant irritation to the skin or eyes when used at appropriate concentrations.
- Shear-Thinning Behavior: It exhibits a shear-thinning behavior, which means its viscosity decreases under stress (such as when being applied or pumped), and it recovers after the stress is removed.
Introduction of Carbomer 940:
Carbomer 940 was introduced as a versatile ingredient for improving the texture, stability, and performance of personal care and pharmaceutical products. Since its development, it has been widely used in the formulation of products such as:
- Cosmetics: Gels, lotions, creams, shampoos, and deodorants.
- Pharmaceuticals: Topical creams, ointments, and gel formulations for drug delivery.
- Food: Occasionally used in food products as a thickener, although its primary application remains in personal care and medical products.
Carbomer 940 is particularly valued for its ability to produce smooth, non-greasy, and aesthetically pleasing formulations, making it a common choice for use in skincare, haircare, and medicinal products.
Applications of Carbomer 940:
- Cosmetics and Skincare: Used in products like facial creams, gels, sunscreens, shaving creams, and body lotions to provide desirable textures and stability.
- Pharmaceuticals: Used in topical gels, drug delivery systems, and ointments for controlled release of active ingredients.
- Industrial Uses: Occasionally used in some industrial applications, particularly where thickening or gelling is required.
In summary, Carbomer 940 is a highly functional polymer known for its thickening, gelling, and stabilizing properties. Its versatility has led to its widespread use in many different industries, particularly cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.